Question 2 to 23 are based on this passage
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Often the most influential developments initially appear to be of minor significance. Take stirrups. Without them, horse and rider are, in terms of force, separate entities; lances can be used from horseback, but only by throwing or stabbing, and mounted warriors gain only height and mobility. A lance couched under the rider’s arm, unifying the force of rider and weapon, would throw its wielder backwards off the horse at impact. Stirrups unify lance, rider, and horse into a force capable of unprecedented violence. This development left unusually clear archaeological markers: Lethality assured, lances evolved barbs meant to slow progress after impact, lest the weight of body pull rider from horse. The change presaged the dominance of mounted combat, and increasingly expensive equipment destroyed the venerable ideal of freeman warriors. New technology demanded military aristocracy, and chivalric culture bore its marks for a millennium.

Question 2

It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about medieval innovations in military technology?

A. Their study merits additional research.

B. They had more lasting influence than did those of the ancient world.

C. Most of them had equally far-reaching repercussions.

D. Prior to their application, the military value of horses was considered insignificant.

E. Many of them are archaeologically ambiguous.

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Medi

terr

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anean