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红DeltaTest3听力Process of Agricultural Marketing原文文本答案解析+音频录音mp3

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[00:00.00]In the field of agriculture, marketing is sort of a complex system. [00:05.69]Marketing is supplying people with goods and services—what people want, in the form they want it, and when they want it. [00:14.13] In agriculture, marketing involves moving a wide range of products—food crops, animal products, fiber crops, flowers, wood, and so on.
[00:25.45]Marketing links the producer with the consumer. [00:29.08]All of the processes and infrastructure involved—harvesting equipment, storage and transportation facilities—all of these processes and infrastructure come under the broad heading of “agricultural marketing technology.” [00:44.03]The focus of agricultural marketing technology is on meeting consumer demand.
[00:50.36]A lot has to be done before farm products are ready for the consumer. [00:55.11]The typical North American consumer can’t deal with live chickens or cattle, unshelled wheat, or raw logs. [01:03.51] Typical North American consumers want their food ready to cook, their clothes ready to wear, their wood products in sizes ready to use, and so on.
[01:13.14]Consumers also want certain products at certain times of the year. [01:18.26]They expect to have roses at Valentine’s Day and poinsettias at Christmas. [01:24.06] So, producers and marketing specialists have to make these special products available when consumers want them.
[01:31.17]Getting products to consumers involves several processes— we call them marketing functions. [01:37.90]These functions convert the product from its original form into the form that consumers want, and then transport it to the consumers. [01:47.34] Functions such as harvesting, assembling, grading, transporting—these are just some of the important functions of agricultural marketing.
[01:57.67]The first function, harvesting—this begins on the farm or ranch. [02:02.92]Harvesting methods vary for different types of products. [02:06.79]Some products are harvested by machine, while others have to be harvested by hand. [02:12.88]Harvesting includes a wide variety of activities—for example, picking apples, picking cotton, digging potatoes, cutting wheat, cutting roses, cutting timber, shearing sheep, milking cows, and so on.
[02:30.06]A very important function that comes after harvesting is assembling. [02:34.77]Assembling is the delivery of a product to a central location, like a packing shed, grain elevator, cotton gin, or processing plant.[02:44.92]Assembling is gathering large quantities together to make marketing more efficient. [02:50.57]Marketing professionals want to deal with large volumes, and some farms don’t have large enough volumes, so they have to combine their product with the product of other farms.
[03:01.67]Another function is grading, which means sorting products for uniformity. [03:07.40]Grading can take place during or after assembling. [03:11.05] Grading involves dividing up the product on the basis of several factors—for example, size, color, variety, or the presence of defects. [03:22.34] When people buy eggs, they kind of want a uniform size, not a mixture of small, medium, and large eggs. [03:29.86] Various standards are used in grading products. [03:33.55]Sometimes the government sets the standards. [03:36.11] Sometimes the standards are set by an association of producers, or even by the processing plant or supermarket.
[03:43.80]A very important marketing function is transporting, moving the product from one place to another. [03:50.44]Milk is moved from the dairy farm to a processing plant. [03:54.61] Freshly picked tomatoes are moved to the packing shed or cannery. [03:59.09] Wheat is moved to the grain elevator. [04:01.63] Logs are moved to the sawmill. [04:04.12] Agricultural products are transported in various kinds of vehicles: wagons, trucks, barges, airplanes, and railroad cars.
[04:14.95]In order to market products, certain facilities must be available—what we call marketing infrastructure—the vehicles, roads, railroads, assembling and processing plants, storage facilities, and so on. [04:31.44] All of these facilities are necessary infrastructure for marketing agricultural goods.

1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

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教授主要讨论农产品如何供应给消费者。教授说:"Marketing is supplying people with goods and services—that people want, in the form they want it, and when they want it; Marketing links the producer with the consumer; The focus of agricultural marketing technology is on meeting consumer demand."

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