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托福mock test 1阅读 The Mysteries of Dark Matter 题目解析

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The Mysteries of Dark Matter
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Dark matter, an elusive and invisible substance, makes up about 27 percent of the universe’ mass. Unlike ordinary matter, dark matter does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it undetectable by conventional telescopes. Its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, such as stars and galaxies.

Evidence of dark matter emerged in the 1930s when astronomer Fritz Zwicky saw that galaxies in clusters were moving faster than expected. In the 1970s, Vera Rubin's work on galaxy rotation curves provided further support. She found that stars at the edges of galaxies were rotating as fast as those near the center, which defied Newtonian physics unless an unseen mass was present.

Despite extensive research, the composition of dark matter remains a mystery. Scientists have proposed candidates like weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions, but none have been conclusively detected. Advanced experiments and observations continue to search for dark matter particles and aim to understand their properties. If successful, discovering dark matter's true nature could revolutionize our understanding of the universe's structure and evolution. Until then, it remains an enigma that challenges scientists to push the boundaries of knowledge and technology.

1.The word "conventional"in the passage is closest in meaning to

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1. 题干:The word "conventional" in the passage is closest in meaning to 文章中“conventional”一词在意思上最接近 2. 分析:题目类型:词汇题。解题策略:根据“conventional”在原文上下文中的含义,选择最接近的同义词。 3. 定位信息理解:原文定位:第一段第二句:“... making it undetectable by conventional telescopes.” 信息理解:该句在说明暗物质因为不与光相互作用,所以无法被“常规的”或“传统的”望远镜探测到。这里的“conventional”指的是标准、普通的天文观测设备。 4. 分析选项:(A) local (地方的,局部的) - 分析:词义无关。“Conventional”不指位置或范围。 (B) traditional (传统的) - 分析:这是最接近的选项。“传统的望远镜”指代那些基于捕捉光(可见光、无线电波等)进行观测的标准天文设备,与原文语境一致。此为正确答案。 (C) space (太空的) - 分析:词义相关但不准确。望远镜可以是在太空中的,但“conventional”强调的是其工作原理或设计的普通性,而非其部署地点。 (D) basic (基础的,基本的) - 分析:“基础的”可能暗示功能简单,但“conventional”更强调“被普遍使用、标准化的”,侧重点不同。

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