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托福official52听力lecture4 Maya Civilization原文解析+翻译音频

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[00:00.00]NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class. [00:04.00]The professor has been discussing ancient Mayan civilization.[00:08.00]FEMALE PROFESSOR: Now, as you remember from your reading, the Maya were an ancient civilization which occupied an area corresponding to parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America.[00:20.00]Early Mayan settlements date back over 3,000 years…and, oh, say, from about 600 to 900 C.E., [00:29.50]the civilization was in what's considered a “golden age” of cultural achievement—what we call the“Classic period.”
[00:37.50]The period after this—after the Classic period—is called the“Postclassic period.” [00:45.50]Now, it's long been thought that, during the Postclassic period, Mayan civilization was in decline. [00:53.30]But… we're continuing to find new evidence that, in certain areas, Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of the Postclassic period—what we refer to as the "Late Postclassic period.”[01:10.00] The Late Postclassic corresponds to the period from the 1200s to the 1500s, right until the arrival of the Spanish in the mid-1500s. [01:19.50]A good example of a site which continued to flourish, through the Late Postclassic, is the inland Mayan community of Lamanai, located in what is today the country of Belize , in Central America.[01:33.50]Now…Lamanai is one of the largest and most prominent archaeological sites in Belize. [01:40.10] It was occupied for over 3,000 years. [01:44.00] That makes it the longest continually occupied site by the ancient Maya.[01:50.00]Large-scale excavation at Lamanai began back in 1974, under the leadership of a Canadian archaeologist.[01:58.50]The first excavation there was on a building that dated back to the Late Postclassic period. [02:04.50] When the excavation began, we didn't know much about Mayan life during that time. [02:09.50] As I said, most people considered the Postclassic period as a time of decline that came after the so-called golden era.[02:17.50] But during the first few years of excavation, the archaeological team realized that Lamanai had continued to be an important center of Classic Mayan culture, almost right up until the 1500s.[02:31.50] MALE STUDENT : So basically, what you're saying is, while other Mayan cities were collapsing—or had already collapsed—Lamanai is one of those places that was flourishing?[02:40.00]FEMALE PROFESSOR: Uh-huh. Exactly. In fact, the evidence shows that one of the greatest periods of construction in the city occurred during the Postclassic. [02:48.50] That's definitely not what was happening at neighboring sites during that time.[02:53.00]And consider this: archaeologists found ceramic artifacts from Lamanai's Late Postclassic period at a recently discovered site on an island off the coast of Belize. [03:04.00]And, in Lamanai, they found objects that had been imported from parts of the region which correspond to modern-day Mexico during the Late Postclassic. [03:14.00]What do those finds tell us?[03:17.00] FEMALE STUDENT : Uh, that trade was still going on. [03:19.30] So you'd probably still find the same Mayan social structure and economic practices, right?[03:26.00]FEMALE PROFESSOR: Yes. Now, these researchers, and subsequent research teams, have been helping us see a bigger picture: [03:34.30]we now know that there was still a widespread trading network up and down a long portion of the coast of what is modern-day Mexico and Central America, for more than two centuries after the golden era ended. [03:49.00]Those finds are telling.
[03:51.50] FEMALE STUDENT : How big is Lamanai overall?[03:53.50]FEMALE PROFESSOR: Well, in all, 700 stone structures have been documented. [03:58.70]It’d take several lifetimes—and lots of funding—to uncover all of them. [04:04.70]Uh, OK, if that’s not a helpful mental picture, um, well, here's another detail that might help: [04:10.60]There was once a population of between 35 and 55 thousand there.[04:17.60]The southernmost end of Lamanai had become the city center by the Postclassic period. [04:22.60]It was there, at the southern end, that the people continued to develop technological capabilities—especially in ceramics, and eventually in metalwork. [04:32.60]The center of Lamanai society had previously been in the northern part of the city—[04:38.30]we're not yet sure why the focus of life shifted southward, only that it did.
[04:44.60] FEMALE STUDENT : Was the former center—the one in the north—smaller than the new one in the south? [04:49.70]Uh, like, maybe the population grew, so they needed more room, and moved?[04:54.20]FEMALE PROFESSOR: Actually, the new city center was smaller. [04:57.80]It’s possible that's because the population had decreased by that point. So they actually needed less room. [05:04.50] In any case, the restructured community thrived.

1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

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此题原文中出处是:The period after this, after the Classic Period, is called the Postclassic period. Now it’s long been thought that during the PostClassic period, Mayan civilization was in decline. But we’re continuing to find new evidence that in certain areas Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of the Postclassic period, what we refer to as the late Postclassic period. 本题是目的主旨题,问的是讲座的主要内容。尽管在开头是教授介绍了玛雅文化的黄金时期,但是随后话锋一转,说道现在有考古证据不断被发现,证明后古典时期(Postclassic Period)有些地区也在不断繁荣发展。本篇之后的内容也是通过举出Lamanai这个典型的例子证明后古典时期的繁荣发展是有实际证据可言的,并非空口无凭。所以正确答案是D:对古玛雅文明衰落的传统观点提出质疑。 A选项错误。教授并未想通过本篇讲座让学生了解古典时期。本文论述的重点时期是后古典时期。 B选项错误。本讲座只是介绍玛雅文明的某一个时期,并未出现考古项目的相关内容。 C选项错误。教授在讲座中并未提到上节课内容之类的信息。本选项纯属无中生有。

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