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托福听力official53 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT. Although tropical rain forest plants grow vigorously, the clay soils of tropical rain forests are very low in mineral nutrients. 答案解析

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14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT. Although tropical rain forest plants grow vigorously, the clay soils of tropical rain forests are very low in mineral nutrients.
 
Clays with poor mineral-binding capacities plus low levels of organic compounds that result from rapid decomposition produce compacted soils that are highly vulnerable to rain leaching.
Plants are able to tolerate the high levels of aluminum in tropical rain forest soils only because of bacteria and fungi that neutralize aluminum while absorbing and transferring phosphorus.
Because water does not penetrate deep into tropical rain forest soils, most trees growing in such soils have shallow feeder roots that spread over large areas in search of adequate moisture.
The delicate fungal hyphae that extend throughout most tropical rain forest soil help maintain soil quality by transferring excess nutrients from plant tissues back into the soil.
Tropical rain forests have evolved closed nutrient systems, in which plants and their fungal partners transfer mineral nutrients among organisms with little leaching through to the soil.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil and within the roots and root nodules of many plants provide rain forest plants with the nitrogen needed to help compensate for poor soils.
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【题目翻译】说明:下面是文章的简要概括的介绍句。通过选择三个答案来完成总结,这三个答案表达了文章中最重要的观点。有些句子不属于摘要,因为它们表达了文章中没有呈现的想法,或者是文章中的次要思想。 虽然热带雨林植物生长旺盛,但热带雨林的黏土矿质养分含量很低。 A:矿物结合能力差的粘土加上快速分解产生的低水平的有机化合物会产生紧实的土壤,这些土壤极易受到雨水淋滤。 B:植物能够耐受热带雨林土壤中高水平的铝仅仅是因为细菌和真菌在吸收和转移磷的同时中和铝。 C:因为水不能深入热带雨林土壤,所以在这种土壤中生长的大多数树都有很浅的喂养根,它们分布在大面积以寻找足够的水分。 D:遍布大多数热带雨林土壤的微妙真菌菌丝通过将植物组织中多余的养分转移到土壤中来帮助保持土壤质量。 E:热带雨林已经形成了封闭的养分系统,植物和它们的真菌伙伴在有机体之间转移矿物质养分,很少渗漏到土壤中。 F:许多植物的根和根瘤内土壤中的固氮细菌为雨林植物提供帮助补偿贫瘠土壤所需的氮。 【判定题型】根据问题的提问方式和6选3的作答方式可以确定该题目为概要小结题。 【选项定位及分析】 选项A正确概括了第一段的主要内容,则A选项正确; 选项B里说植物可以忍受高浓度的铝元素,无中生有,不选; 选项C错在因果关系上,植物根茎短浅不是因为水无法渗透到土壤深处,原文中并没有提到过这个信息,不选; 选项D定位到in which minerals are handed off from one organism to another with little leaking through to the soil,闭合的营养系统是在有机体之间传送营养物质,不是在植物和真菌间,错误; 选项E正确概括了倒数第二段后半段的主要内容,则E选项正确; 选项F正确概括了最后一段的主要内容,则F选项正确。

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