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托福听力official54 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT. Increasing demands for timber in nineteenth-century America transformed lumbering in the Great Lakes region. 答案解析

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14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT. Increasing demands for timber in nineteenth-century America transformed lumbering in the Great Lakes region.
 
During the nineteenth century, lumbering became a large-scale industry controlled by manufacturing companies rather than a local enterprise controlled by farmers.
Technological advances, including the use of steam power, led to increased productivity, efficiency, and commercialization of the lumbering industry.
Seasonal changes and severe winters made the development and laying of track for logging railroads slow and difficult.
After 1860 farmers continued to be the main suppliers of new timber, but lumbering companies took over its transport and manufacture into wood products.
The invention of new technology, such as band saws, allowed American lumbering companies to make a profit by exporting surplus lumber to Britain and other countries.
New methods for transporting logs to mills helped transform lumbering from a seasonal activity to a year-round activity.
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正确答案:ABF
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【题目翻译】说明:下面是文章的简要概括的介绍句。通过选择三个答案来完成总结,这三个答案表达了文章中最重要的观点。有些句子不属于摘要,因为它们表达了文章中没有呈现的想法,或者是文章中的次要思想。 十九世纪美国对木材需求的增加改变了大湖区的木材生产。 A:在十九世纪,伐木业成为由制造公司控制的大规模工业,而不是由农民控制的地方企业。 B:技术的进步,包括蒸汽动力的使用,提高了生产率、效率和木材工业的商业化。 C:季节变化和严冬使伐木铁路的发展和铺设变得缓慢和困难。 D:1860年以后,农民仍然是新木材的主要供应商,但木材公司接管了新木材的运输和制造,生产木材产品。 E:诸如带锯等新技术的发明,使美国木材公司得以通过向英国和其他国家出口过剩的木材来获利。 F:把原木运到磨坊的新方法帮助木材加工从季节性活动转变为全年活动。 【判断题型】根据问题的提问方式和6选3的作答方式可以确定该题目为概要小结题。 【选项定位及分析】 我们依次分析选项找出正确答案: 所给提示意思为:在19世纪木材运输的需求增加。 A选项对应文章第二段,文中说“farmers and city dwellers alike purchased forest products from large manufacturing companies located in the Great Lakes states rather than chopping wood themselves or buying it locally.” 说明了manufacturing companies 取代了当地个人业,A选项正确。 B选项对应文章第3段。文章提到 “streamlined production by allowing for the more efficient, centralized, and continuous cutting of lumber.”并提及了蒸汽工厂,新型锯子等,符合B选项。 C选项说季节变化和严峻冬天使发展和铺铁路变得又慢又困难,实际上是因为冬天不够严寒而导致需要铺铁路,所以是逻辑错误,因而不选。 D选项说1860年后农民任然是新木材的主要供应商,但其实是不对的,原文说“No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products. By the 1870s, farmers and city dwellers alike purchased forest products from large manufacturing companies located in the Great Lakes states rather than chopping wood themselves or buying it locally.”说明农民不再是供应商,而全权交给了企业,所以D错误。 E选项原文中跟没提到与国外的木材贸易,只是根据其他国家的新科技工具随意推测,所以是错的。 F选项对应第五段,对应原文“By 1887, 89 logging railroads crisscrossed Michigan, transforming logging from a winter activity into a year-round one.”说明了这种新的运输方式不再使得伐木收到季节限制,符合原文,故F对。

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