托福official64听力conversation1 grand narrative原文解析+翻译音频

[00:00.00]Listen to a conversation between a student and a philosophy professor.
[00:05.39]Male Professor: Hi, Melissa, you're rough draft for your paper is looking very promising so far.
[00:10.00]Female Student: Thanks. I still have some reading to do. Post-modernism is pretty challenging. so...
[00:15.55]Male Professor: well， you're off to a good start. So anything else about the class or post-modernism since we have a few minutes before my next appointment?
[00:24.08]Female Student: Well, actually in class, you talked about a French philosopher. Uh, Lyotard. [00:30.45]You said he didn't believe in stories or something like that, that stories were invalid.
[00:37.61]Male Professor: Okay. I think I see, uh, first of all, you understand what he um, remember what Lyotard said about the uh. the grand narrative?
[00:48.00]Female Student: Not really.
[00:49.31]Male Professor: Okay， have a seat.
[00:51.23]Female Student: All right.
[00:51.97]Male Professor: It's not quite the same way you're thinking of narratives, not stories. Lyotard, meant narrative as in a way of understanding the world.
[01:01.70]Female Student: Um. I uh.
[01:03.45]Male Professor: How can I explain this uh, grand narrative...It's... It's like an idea that that helps people make sense of history. [01:12.54]Like when you picture the early middle ages in Europe, but what do you think?
[01:18.33]Female Student: Okay, like, um, there weren't a lot of cultural achievements then, lots of wars, but not a lot of important art or books or anything, like it was the Dark Ages.
[01:30.96]Male Professor: All right that that's a simple explanation of a time in history, right? Something that tends to be accepted or understood by most people. [01:40.06]That makes it a grand narrative. Here's a more recent one. Scientific progress.
[01:47.00]Female Student: Ah, ha.
[01:48.10]Male Professor: People look at important inventions throughout history, light bulbs, cars, computers. [01:54.64]And we generally believe that there's an underlying universal truth, that modern technology makes the world better. [02:02.29]It's been the belief for so long that people accept it as being true. [02:06.85]We don't even think of it much. We just accept that modern technology has that effect.
[02:12.95]Female Student: Well. it does make our lives better.
[02:14.90]Male Professor: All right. This is where Lyotard comes in. He believed we have to be careful about accepting ideas like that. [02:22.51]He said these beliefs really oversimplify things and that we should think more critically. [02:28.60]Are there times when technology would not be considered progressive where it doesn't bring improvement?
[02:35.17]Female Student: Oh. I don't know, uh, pollution, but I…
[02:39.00]Male Professor: No, no, that's good. It would be hard to say pollution was a form of improving the world.
[02:45.10]Female Student: But isn't pollution just a side effect of...? Oh! So it kind of goes against the grand narrative about technology. It complicates things.
[02:54.97]Male Professor: Yeah. And that's a basic idea behind post-modernism, that we should be skeptical of grand narratives, because there's a good chance they are not completely true.
[03:12.33]Female Student: You mean?
[03:13.45]Male Professor: Well，not to say there's no truth in grand narratives. Of course. It's just that nothing is as simple and straightforward as it seems. [03:22.28]We should look critically at the things we assume.
[03:25.89]Female Student: Okay. I....I think I get it. Thanks.