The shrub has berried.

Oh, these are Hicksii shrubs. These will prune up nicely.

Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses.

The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb.

Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees.

And…er…and then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in the Sahara.

Because the older, more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

It is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where there are a lot of shrubs are taken by the older, more dominant birds.

So they’re pretty close to the ground, but these warblers also nest in forests that have low shrub density.

They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees.

They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees.

Once is established, shrub land thrives, particularly in the Arctic, because Arctic shrubs are good at taking advantage of increased nutrients in the soil, better than other Arctic plants.

And shrub expansion in these environments does seem to persist, almost to the point of causing a shift.

Lecturer: Well, shrub expansion has occurred in other environments, like semiarid grassland, and tall grass prairies.

I mean maybe the shrubs will be abundant for a few years, and then it'll change back to tundra.

And because of this loop, which is promoted by warmer temperatures in winter and spring, well, it looks like the tundra may be turning into shrub land.

So that extra warmth means even more microbial activity, which means even more food for the shrubs, which means even more shrubs and more snow around etc..

And deep snow drifts often form around shrubs.

The tundra is windy, and the snow is blown across the tundra, it's caught by shrubs.

Areas with more new nutrients are the areas with the largest increase in shrubs.

And that's what's responsible for the growth of shrubs in the summer and their spread to new areas of the tundra.

Well, it may be biological processes that occur in the soil in the winter, that cause increased shrub growth in the summer, and here's how: there are "microbes", microscopic organisms that live in the soil.

So how can increase temperatures in the winter and spring result in increased shrub growth in the summer?

But the increase in shrubs has occurred in the summer.

The size of the shrubs has increased and shrub cover has spread to what was previously shrub-free tundra.

Male Stu: I'm sorry, when you say the growth of shrubs has increased, do you mean that the shrubs are bigger, or that there are more shrubs?

Now since the temperatures have been increasing in Arctic Alaska, the growth of shrubs has increased.

Shrubs are little bushes.

No, and that's one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the Arctic.

Shrubs are increasing in the "tundra".

Located in tropical areas at low altitudes, savannas are stable ecosystems, some wet and some dry consisting of vast grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs.