MOCK TEST 1 What are the two main psychological processes contributing to the bystander effect?

[00:00.00][00:00.07] Listen to a talk in a psychology class.
[00:01.00][00:04.78]Woman: In a well-known psychology experiment from the 1960s, researchers placed participants in a situation where someone appeared to need help. When participants were alone, most offered assistance. But when they believed others were also aware of the situation, significantly fewer took action.
[00:02.00][00:25.55] This pattern is known as the bystander effect—the tendency for people to be less likely to help when others are present. Why does this happen? Two main psychological forces are at play.
[00:03.00][00:34.71] First, there's diffusion of responsibility—we think, "There are plenty of other people around; someone else will probably handle it," so we feel less personally responsible.
[00:04.00][00:44.55] Second, there's social influence—when we're unsure what to do, we look to others for cues. If no one else reacts, we might assume it's not a big deal—even if it is.
[00:05.00][00:56.92] The bystander effect shows up in everyday life—like when someone drops their groceries or looks lost. And just knowing about the bystander effect can make a difference. We're more likely to pause and think, "Is everyone just waiting for someone else?"—and that moment of awareness can lead us to act.