托福听力official31 The word “markedly” in the passage is closest in meaning to 答案解析

markedly: 明显地，显著地。对应B选项的noticeably（显著地，明显地）。 对应原文：Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, often with an increase in tree density.根据词根判断，原词词根为mark意为标注，跟选项中B的notice意思相近，所以选B。也可以利用原句的因果逻辑来进行推测，这里的原因就是exclusion of fire，而结果就是markedly decreased plant-species richness。将4个选项代入，看哪个选项代入后使得因果关系成立。A选项的dangerously（危险地），C选项的rapidly（迅速地）和D选项的gradually（逐渐地）都不合适。