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托福听力official54 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT About 11,000 years ago, all of North America's megafauna became extinct. 答案解析

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14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
About 11,000 years ago, all of North America's megafauna became extinct.
 
That the first humans migrated to North America near the same time as the extinctions of the megafauna has led many to believe that hunting by humans was a significant cause of those extinctions.
Support for the hypothesis that hunting by humans caused the extinctions has been provided by computer models, as well as by the discovery of some mammoths' remains near human settlements.
There is more evidence that human settlers hunted large flightless birds like the moa into extinction than there is that hunters caused the extinction of large mammals like the mammoth.
Early North Americans known as the Clovis society developed spears in order to hunt enough large animals to feed their population as it expanded across vast areas of the continent.
Scientists have proven that the human hunters of large animals who migrated across North America grew in number so quickly that they killed off most of the megafauna within a few hundred years.
Some scholars argue that the evidence linking mammoth remains to human settlements is insufficient to establish that hunting by humans was a significant factor in the megafauna extinctions.
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正确答案:ABF
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【题目翻译】 说明:下面是文章的简要概括的介绍句。通过选择三个答案来完成总结,这三个答案表达了文章中最重要的观点。有些句子不属于摘要,因为它们表达了文章中没有呈现的想法,或者是文章中的次要思想。这个问题值得两点。 大约11万年前,北美洲所有的大型动物都灭绝了。 A:在大型动物灭绝的同时,第一批人类迁徙到北美洲,这让许多人相信人类狩猎是导致这些物种灭绝的重要原因。 B:计算机模型以及某些猛犸象遗骸在人类住区附近的发现,都支持了人类狩猎导致物种灭绝的假设。 C:比起猎人导致象猛犸象这样的大型哺乳动物灭绝,有更多的证据表明人类定居者猎捕像莫亚鸟这样不会飞的大型鸟类而濒临灭绝。 D:早期的北美人被称为克洛维斯学会,他们为了猎取足够大的动物来喂养他们的种群,因为克洛维斯学会在非洲大片地区扩张。 E:科学家已经证明,迁徙到北美洲的大型动物的人类猎人的数量增长如此之快,以至于在几百年内就杀死了大多数大型动物。 F:一些学者认为,有关猛犸象遗骸与人类住区的证据不足以证明人类狩猎是大型动物灭绝的一个重要因素。 【判断题型】根据问题的提问方式和6选3的作答方式可以确定该题目为概要小结题。 【选项定位及分析】 给提示意思为:大约11000年前,所有北美的大型哺乳动物都灭绝了。 A选项对应文章第二段,A period of massive extinction of large mammals like that seen about 11,000 years ago had not occurred during the previous 400,000 years, despite these changes. The only apparently significant difference in the Americas 11,000 years ago was the presence of human hunters of these large mammals. 说明了正是人类开始活动之后出现了大型哺乳动物的灭绝,故A正确。 B选项对应四、五段,分别对应的是Mosimann和Martin的研究和Larry Agenbroad这两个例子,故B正确。 C选项说比起人类让大型哺乳动物比如猛犸的证据,人类猎杀鸟类导致灭绝的例子更多。逻辑正确,但并不是文章主要内容,因而不选。 D说被称为克洛维斯社会的早期北美人开发了长矛,以便捕捉足够大的动物来喂养他们的人口,由于克洛维斯在非洲大陆的广大地区扩张。文中没有提到开发长矛是为了捕捉足够大的动物。 E选项说科学家已经证明,在北美洲上迁移的大型动物的人类猎人数量增长如此之快,以至于在几百年内灭绝了大部分的巨型动物群。错误,科学家并没有足够证据说明人类是导致这些巨型动物群灭绝的原因。 F选项说一些学者认为,将猛犸象留在人类住区的证据不足以证明人类狩猎是巨型动物灭绝的重要因素。这是对的,对应了文章的最后两段。

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